Electron at rest generates Electric field.
Electron moving without acceleration produces electric and magnetic field.
Electron moving with acceleration produces electromagnetic waves.
Please explain the mechanism or the process how this happens. How magnetic field is generated by moving charges? (A moving charge produces a current, or rather a time varying electric field in space.)
Also link https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/why-does-moving-electron-produce-magnetic-field.184619/ said
A moving electron alone actually does not produce a magnetic field. It
requires electrons and protons to produce a magnetic field. As the
electrons move relative to protons (ions) there is a relativistic
charge per unit volume difference between the positive and the
negative charges. This causes any external charges to feel a force we
know as the magnetic field.The magnetic field is a relativistic correction to the electrostatic field.
I could not understand these lines. And I don't know much about quantum physics. So, can you please explain in a simpler way? Please use quantum physics also, if it works here.. I may understand it sooner or later.
Also how electromagnetic waves are produced by accelerating charges? An electron with more energy gives it out in the form of photons i.e., E.M. waves. Is it that electric and magnetic fields produced by electron superpose? That could not have possibly happened because varying electric and magnetic field give rise to each other independently..
What happens there actually? And how magnetic field is relativistic correction to electric field?
Thank you.
Best Answer
Electrons have an electric field. By the influence of an external electric field, the electron is attracted or repelled. Electrons also possess a magnetic dipole moment. This moment is coupled to the rotation of the electron (the magnetic dipole moments of an electron and a positron are opposed with the same direction of rotation). When electrons moving through a magnetic field the magnetic dipoles and therefore also the axes of rotation of the electrons are aligned. Now arises a gyroscopic effect and the electron goes under emission of a photon out of alignment again. Detailed see here.
The acceleration of electrons can be done not only by electric fields. Under the influence of electromagnetic fields, electrons are also accelerated. With a positive acceleration the energy of photons is transmitted parcial to the electron. In case of negative acceleration more energy is emitted as received. As described above, a magnetic field through which electron moves - not parallel to the magnetic field lines! - influential on the electron too. The electron emit photons and its kinetic energy get lost.