Acoustics – Do Sound Waves Pick Up the Speed of Their Source?

special-relativitywaves

I googled the speed of sound and found that it only depends on the medium (just like the speed of light but with different parameters). I can't see how it doesn't pick up the speed of its source! I mean for the constancy of the speed of light the hole addition rule of velocities was modified to the relativistic one. So how to maintain the constancy of the speed of sound?

p.s. I'm so grateful to every single one answered this question cause she/he truly induced me to understand the subject.

Best Answer

Speed of sound in air is the speed with which a pressure wave propagates. If you look at the wave itself, without considering its source, you have all the information you need to determine the speed of propagation - since it's only the local conditions (things like the density, and the local rate of change of pressure) that determine this.

The same is true with light: if you "look at a photon passing you", you don't need to know anything about the source - once the signal (sound or light) has left its source, it loses all memory of that, and just becomes a wave that propagates.

Now the laws of addition of velocities that we use in relativity are related to the postulate that the speed of light will be the same in any inertial frame of reference; the Lorentz transformation follows directly. But there is no equivalent claim for sound. The fact that supersonic travel exists pretty much proves that. One a more basic level, if you are standing downwind from a sound source, that sound will reach you more quickly than if you were standing the same distance upwind - because the pressure disturbance travels with the bulk of the medium.

It follows that the speed of sound depends on the observer's velocity relative to the medium.

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