I'm assuming the LHC can create a Higgs and an anti-Higgs boson. If so, would their fields be identical with respect to mass effects? How would LHC detectors distinguish between the two bosons?
[Physics] Difference between Higgs and anti-Higgs Fields
particle-physics
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The difficulty with Higgs boson is it's high mass, so in order to create it, you need lots of energy (125GeV, using $E=mc^2$).
What is important to give particles mass is s the Higgs field, not the Higgs boson (which is an excitation of the field).
The problem is that you have mixed the concept of real particles and "virtual" or "force carrier" particles. The latter can't be observed and can be created spontaneosly, because the energy requiered is "borrowed" via Heisenberg's Principle ($\Delta E\Delta t \geq \frac{\hbar}{2}$).
Comparing to the analogy you made: two charges will attract/repell, via EM interaction without photons being present. The EM is mediated by virtual photons, but these are not physically observable, unlike "light" photons.
Yes, an electron is just some wave, as you say, in the electron field, as it is for any particle. You can also interpret in a broad sense that a field needs to be perturbed at a particular point in spacetime for you to have a non-zero odd of measuring it a that point, although this simple picture is complicated by quantum phenomenas.
The energy of a decaying particle not only can but needs to end up somewhere. This is conservation of energy! The mechanism are not unknown, they are the possible interactions (read that as forces) between fields, though they are not all clearly understood in their dynamics.
The idea of billard balls particles colliding is really not the best to have in mind when considering QFT. The electron, which is really a wave/excitation in a field, travelling in spacetime in presence of the Higgs field does not need to ''collide'', in a classical view, with a Higgs particle to interact. Keep in mind that these field excitations are not exactly localized, much as a wave is not. What happens is that the electron field interacts with the Higgs field and as seen form the dynamic of the electron field it corresponds to it having a mass. The closest analogy that comes to mind, which is pretty bad: don't give it too much intellectual weight, is of a bullet going through water that acquires a different dynamic behavior by interacting with the surrounding media, but that's as far as it goes.
Your question about the difference between a Higgs particle and another one, is like asking what is the difference between sound and light. They are not excitations of the same medium.
I am sadly not aware of any good and simple analogies for the Higgs mechanism. The closest thing, which is not simple but quite close conceptually speaking, are electrons in crystal having a different effective mass because of their interaction with the crystal lattice. Without using effective field theories, you can model electron wavefunctions moving in the crystal lattice using standard quantum mechanics. From there, you study their dispersion relation which is in essence the equation relating energy and momentum. The dispersion relation, in some cases, will take the a functional form of a free wave from which you can infer an effective mass. You can interpret that as saying that the interaction with the lattice modifies the mass of the free electron.
Best Answer
The Higgs is a real scalar field, so there's no "anti-Higgs" particle. All imaginary part of initial complex doublet are absorbed by the weak gauge bosons (Ws and Z), only a real scalar field remains after this.