You are feeling an electric current because the "live" wire of the electrical outlet is (capacitively) connected to the "ground" of your phone.
The same effect can sometimes be felt in the US (or wherever "back home" is for you) with an improperly wired desk lamp - or one that has an unpolarized plug (so you can plug it in "backwards" - that is, with the wire that should be neutral getting the AC fluctuations of the live wire and vice versa).
The electric field induces a small current in you because your body has a capacitance relative to "the world". You don't need to close the circuit - it is enough to touch the object (a conductive part like the external antenna). That is why standing in a plastic chair doesn't make it go away.
The amount of charge flowing is small (because your body's capacitance is small and the voltage is not that high) - but the effect is real. And it usually means something is off with the wiring: in a well designed and built system this should not happen.
Most recently I noticed the same thing using an Apple MacBook Air plugged in to an outlet in Europe. The frame of the laptop gave the same buzz. And this was a "genuine Apple component".
I believe it is harmless. But real.
Electrons do "fill up your body" when you jump up and hit a high voltage wire - there is a property called the capacitance of the body that determines how much the voltage increases when you add a certain amount of charge - mathematically, $C = \frac{Q}{V}$.
But it's not charge that kills you, it is current: charge flowing per unit time. Since it takes relatively few electrons to bring the body up to 30,000 V or so, there is not much charge flowing and nobody gets killed. But you may have noticed a static "shock" when (especially in winter) you walked across a carpet, then touched a metal door and got a shock. As you walked across the carpet you built up static charge (with an associated potential that could reach several 10's of kV); and all that charge "leaks away" when you touch a grounded (conducting) surface. But while you can "feel" the current it's not enough to kill you.
So how much charge is there on your body when you are charged to 30,000 V? It's a bit hard to estimate the capacitance of a human body, so we'll use the physicist's trick of the "spherical cow": we approximate the human body as a sphere with 1 m diameter. The capacitance of a sphere is given by
$$C_{sphere} = 4\pi\epsilon_0 R = 0.11 nF$$
At 30 kV, that gives a charge of 3.3 µA; if that charge comes out of your body in 1 µs*, it would result in a peak current of 3.3 A which is why it feels like quite a jolt; however, the total amount of energy is only $\frac12 C V^2 = 0.05 J$ - and that is not enough to kill you. It's enough to kill sensitive electronic circuits, which is why you have to be careful how you handle "bare" electronics, especially in winter (low humidity = build up of static electricity as conductivity of air is lower).
EDIT
- if the current flows in 1 $\mu$s, that suggests that the time constant of body capacitance and skin resistance should be on that order. Since time constant is RC, solving for R gives about 10 kOhm. That’s a rather low resistance: skin resistance is higher, so peak current will be lower.
Best Answer
Unless there is sufficient insulation (electrical impedance) between you and the earth when you touch a high voltage wire, yes you may get electrocuted. This is because most electrical power systems in the world are earth grounded (referenced to earth). The higher the voltage the greater the impedance to between you and earth ground needs to be. At 60 Hz it only takes 50-100 mA of current in a path through the heart to cause ventricular fibrillation.
If you are isolated from ground and touching two wires with your bare hands, electrocution is possible if the voltage difference has the potential to cause a lethal electric shock and the insulation on the conductors is insufficient to limit the current to below the threshold for a lethal electric shock.
Regarding your above comment to Solar Mike, it is ONLY possible for the bat to be electrocuted if the bat is simultaneously in contact with the high voltage wire and another wire or grounded object where the voltage between them has the potential to cause a lethal electric shock.
Bats are physically different than the typical birds you observe on HV wires. For one I understand they may have wingspans much larger than ordinary birds. So if they are on a HV wire and spread their wings, there is a higher likelihood that their wings will simultaneously contact more than one HV wire at a time, or some grounded part, causing lethal electric shock. Regardless of the reason for their deaths, they must simultaneously be in contact with two conductors with a potential difference capable of causing a lethal electric shock.
Hope this helps