[Physics] Can one heat up a vacuum

heatspacevacuum

I've got a question about heating a vacuum. If there were, say, a container in space, at 2.7 degrees kelvin (the typical temperature of space, if I'm not mistaken) and as empty as space (as close to a vacuum as space allows), how would one go about pressurizing and heating that container? If a gas such as oxygen were introduced, would it freeze due to the temperature or would it sublimate due to the vacuum? If the former, I don't understand how heat could be introduced because heat needs a medium to heat. If the latter, once the vacuum was overcome, and a sufficient pressure was acquired, wouldn't the oxygen freeze and re-create the vacuum? Would both heat and pressure need to be introduced at the same time?

Thank you.

Best Answer

If you inject the gas very slowly, the system will remain in thermodynamic equilibrium

phase diagram source

By looking at the diagram above, you can heat up the gas as you inject it and keep it on the bottom right of the quadrant, thus gaseous.