Maxwell’s Equations – Meaning of Del’s Cross and Dot Product

differentiationmaxwell-equationsnotationVector Fields

In maxwell's eq there is del whose cross and dot products exist.

So what is del in cross vs dot product.

What's the difference when it's just a partial differential operator.

Best Answer

You're used to the definitions$$U\cdot V=U_iV_i,\,(U\times V)_i:=\epsilon_{ijk}U_jV_k.$$(I've used Einstein notation without worrying about index heights.) Similarly,$$\nabla\cdot V=\partial_iV_i,\,(\nabla\times V)_i:=\epsilon_{ijk}\partial_jV_k.$$Since derivatives don't commute with functions, the consequences are slightly more complicated than for "normal" vectors. For example, in$$\nabla\times(U\times V)=U(\nabla\cdot V)-V(\nabla\cdot U)+\color{red}{(V\cdot\nabla)U-(U\cdot\nabla)V},$$the red terms have no "vanilla" analog. On the other hand, derivatives commute with each other, so e.g. $\nabla\cdot\nabla\times V=0$.