The Dirac gamma matrices are a set defined by the 16 following matrices:
$$\Gamma^{(a)}=\{I_{4×4},\gamma^\mu,\sigma^{\mu\nu},\gamma_5\gamma^\mu,\gamma_5\}.\tag{2.122}$$
Now, I wish to determine the inverse set of gamma matrices, $\Gamma_a$.
According to Ashok Das' Lectures on QFT page 58 equation 2.124, the inverse should be defined as:
$$\Gamma_{(a)}=\frac{\Gamma^{(a)}}{Tr(\Gamma^{(a)}\Gamma^{(a)})}\qquad a \text{ not summed}.\tag{2.124}$$
But I don't understand where this comes from, or why it makes sense. If I pick any gamma matrix, say $\gamma_5=\begin{pmatrix}
0 & I_{2×2} \\
I_{2×2} & 0
\end{pmatrix}.$
I can calculate
$$\Gamma_a=\frac{\begin{pmatrix}
0 & I_{2×2} \\
I_{2×2} & 0
\end{pmatrix}}{Tr(\begin{pmatrix}
0 & I_{2×2} \\
I_{2×2} & 0
\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}
0 & I_{2×2} \\
I_{2×2} & 0
\end{pmatrix})}=\frac{\begin{pmatrix}
0 & I_{2×2} \\
I_{2×2} & 0
\end{pmatrix}}{Tr(I_{4×4})}=\frac{1}{4}\begin{pmatrix}
0 & I_{2×2} \\
I_{2×2} & 0
\end{pmatrix}$$
But here, clearly $$\Gamma_a\Gamma^a=\frac{I_{4×4}}{4},$$ which is not what I expect.
So how is this properly used? How does one define the inverse Dirac Gamma Matrices?
Best Answer
Yes, Ashok Das should strictly speaking not call (2.124) the "inverse set of matrices"; they are only proportional$^1$ to the inverse. Rather (2.124) is (2.122) where the upper collective index $(a)$ of the 16 matrices (2.122) has been lowered by a metric $g_{(a)(b)}$. The (inverse) metric is here defined as $$g^{(a)(b)}~:=~ {\rm Tr}(\Gamma^{(a)}\Gamma^{(b)}), \qquad a,b~\in~\{1,\ldots,16\},\tag{2.123}$$ which is diagonal. The explicit list of $\Gamma_{(a)}$ is given in (2.126).
--
$^1$ It is straightforward to check this explicitly by going through the list.