imwrite() in MATLAB cannot write 16 bits per pixel for BMP files.
Note: 16 bits per pixel for BMP files is 4 bits each for R, G, B, and Alpha (possibly not in that order.)
imwrite() for BMP can use logical (total 1 bit per pixel) or uint8 grayscale (total 8 bits per pixel) or uint8 RGB (total 24 bits per pixel.)
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