The appropriate section of the R2016a License Agreement says,
2.1. Academic Internal Operations. The installation and use of the
Programs by Licensed Users, in accordance with the Academic License Option
acquired, for the purpose of (i) in the case of employees (faculty and
academic staff), performing software administration, teaching, and
noncommercial, academic research in their ordinary course as Licensee's
employees; and (ii) in the case of enrolled students, meeting classroom
requirements of courses and study offered by the Licensee. Any other use
is expressly prohibited.
This is in contrast to
1. SCOPE. The provisions of this Academic Installation and Use Addendum apply
to each Program licensed under the Agreement at prices offered only to
degree-granting educational institutions ("Academic prices") for Academic
Internal Operations only, as defined below. Research and development divisions
and centers of universities, U.S. government agencies and other not-for-profit
organizations do not qualify for Academic prices.
So academic research is permitted with Academic licenses, but "Research and development divisions" are not. "Research and development divisions" are pretty much for-profit entities, if not directly then with the idea of developing an idea far enough that a commercial company will buy the rights (generating enough money to keep running the place.)
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