heisenberg - if you are using GUIDE to create your GUI, then you could assign a WindowKeyPressFcn callback to your figure (GUI) and then, based on the key pressed while the figure has focus, you could call the appropriate button.
Suppose that your GUI/figure is named figure1 and you have one push button (named pushbutton1) that you wish to fire when you press the x key. Your callback to capture key presses could look something like
function figure1_WindowKeyPressFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
keyPressed = eventdata.Key;
if strcmpi(keyPressed,'x')
uicontrol(handles.pushbutton1);
pushbutton1_Callback(handles.pushbutton1,[],handles);
end
In the above we check for when the x is pressed and then simulate the pressing of the button by calling the appropriate callback. You may not need to set focus to the button using uicontrol but I don't think that it hurts to do this as well.
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