The ability to specify the radius of a pie chart is not available in MATLAB.
As a workaround, you can adjust the size and position of the axis containing the pie chart and get a similar effect. The code below demonstrates how this can be done.
close all; clc;
pieData = [10 20 30 40 50];
pieHandle = pie(pieData);
pieAxis = get(pieHandle(1), 'Parent');
pieAxisPosition = get(pieAxis, 'Position');
newRadius = 0.50;
deltaXpos = 0.2;
deltaYpos = 0.2;
hText = text(-1.7, -1.4, 'PRESS ANY KEY TO ADJUST THE RADIUS');
pause;
delete(hText);
newPieAxisPosition = (pieAxisPosition + [deltaXpos deltaYpos 0 0]) .* [1 1 newRadius newRadius];
set(pieAxis, 'Position', newPieAxisPosition);
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