Dat is not going to change until you retrieve the value from the table. It doesn't change automatically when you edit the table. And it doesn't change on a character by character basis as you type (this isn't Visual Studio after all). You need to get the values:
tableData = get(handles.uitable1, 'data');
Is that how you're retrieving the data? You need to have focus off the table (so you're not still editing it), and you might even need to call guidata() before you call get(). When exactly does your celleditcallback get executed?
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