MATLAB: How to compare one pixel to a neighbor pixel and also another pixel

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Also, how I can make a difference histogram of the comparison results? Or how I can make a difference histogram generally?

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How do you want to compare them? Do you want to subtract them? If so you can use conv2(). Do you want to know how many times one gray level occurs next to another gray level? If so you can use graycomatrix().

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MATLAB: How to replace the center pixel of a 3X3 window with the min difference among its surronding pixels in matlab

I think you're going to have to do it manually by using conv2() 8 times with a [-1 1] kernel that rotates around the 8 neighbors, and then take the min of the 8 images. Then square, sum, and sqrt.

image1 = conv2(grayImage, [-1, 0, 0; 0, 1, 0; 0, 0, 0], 'same');
image2 = conv2(grayImage, [0, -1, 0; 0, 1, 0; 0, 0, 0], 'same');
image3 = conv2(grayImage, [0, 0, -1; 0, 1, 0; 0, 0, 0], 'same');
image4 = conv2(grayImage, [0, 0, 0; -1, 1, 0; 0, 0, 0], 'same');
image5 = conv2(grayImage, [0, 0, 0; 0, 1, -1; 0, 0, 0], 'same');
image6 = conv2(grayImage, [0, 0, 0; 0, 1, 0; -1, 0, 0], 'same');
image7 = conv2(grayImage, [0, 0, 0; 0, 1, 0; 0, -1, 0], 'same');
image8 = conv2(grayImage, [0, 0, 0; 0, 1, 0; 0, 0, -1], 'same');
allImages = cat(3, image1, image2, image3, image4, image5, ...
  image6, image7, image8);
minDiffImage = min(allImages, [], 3);
minDiffImage  = minDiffImage  .^2; % Square it.
mse = mean(minDiffImage (:));

Try that untested code and see how it works.

MATLAB: How the Peak value of the image histogram can be obtaind

[pixelCounts, grayLevels] = imhist(grayImage);
[maxCount, indexOfMax] = max(pixelCounts);
grayLevelAtMax = grayLevels(indexOfMax);

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MATLAB: How to replace the center pixel of a 3X3 window with the min difference among its surronding pixels in matlab

MATLAB: How the Peak value of the image histogram can be obtaind

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