Based on the documentation for the MATLAB Production Server on the Mathworks site, particularly in the "Production Deployment of MATLAB Programs" section (found here: https://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab-production-server/features.html#integration-with-enterprise-applications), it looks like there isn't a built in client for calling a function on an MPS instance directly from MATLAB. It looks like there are only native clients written for the four languages you mentioned.
However, functions from an MPS instance can be called using the RESTful API and JSON. The documentation for that is found here: https://www.mathworks.com/help/mps/restful-api-and-json.html.
This is more of a workaround, but the API could probably be called directly from MATLAB using the webread and webwrite functions. The documentation for these two functions is below:
webread: https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/webread.html
webwrite: https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/webwrite.html
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