I know this question has been asked before on MO and MSE (here, here, here, here) but the answers that were given were only partially helpful to me, and I suspect that I am not the only one.
I am about to teach a first course on Riemann surfaces, and I am trying to get a fairly comprehensive view of the main references, as a support for both myself and students.
I compiled a list, here goes in alphabetical order. Of course, it is necessarily subjective. For more detailed entries, I made a bibliography using the bibtex entries from MathSciNet: click here.
- Bobenko. Introduction to compact Riemann surfaces.
- Bost. Introduction to compact Riemann surfaces, Jacobians, and abelian varieties.
- de Saint-Gervais. Uniformisation des surfaces de Riemann: retour sur un théorème centenaire.
- Donaldson. Riemann surfaces.
- Farkas and Kra. Riemann surfaces.
- Forster. Lectures on Riemann surfaces.
- Griffiths. Introduction to algebraic curves.
- Gunning. Lectures on Riemann surfaces.
- Jost. Compact Riemann surfaces.
- Kirwan. Complex algebraic curves.
- McMullen. Complex analysis on Riemann surfaces.
- McMullen. Riemann surfaces, dynamics and geometry.
- Miranda. Algebraic curves and Riemann surfaces.
- Narasimhan. Compact Riemann surfaces.
- Narasimhan and Nievergelt. Complex analysis in one variable.
- Reyssat. Quelques aspects des surfaces de Riemann.
- Springer. Introduction to Riemann surfaces.
- Varolin. Riemann surfaces by way of complex analytic geometry.
- Weyl. The concept of a Riemann surface.
Having a good sense of what each of these books does, beyond a superficial first impression, is quite a colossal task (at least for me).
What I'm hoping is that if you know very well such or such reference in the list, you can give a short description of it: where it stands in the existing literature, what approach/viewpoint is adopted, what are its benefits and pitfalls. Of course, I am also happy to update the list with new references, especially if I missed some major ones.
As an example, for Forster's book (5.) I can just use the accepted answer there: According to Ted Shifrin:
It is extremely well-written, but definitely more analytic in flavor.
In particular, it includes pretty much all the analysis to prove
finite-dimensionality of sheaf cohomology on a compact Riemann
surface. It also deals quite a bit with non-compact Riemann surfaces,
but does include standard material on Abel's Theorem, the Abel-Jacobi
map, etc.
Best Answer
As it is evident from your bibliography list, there are two aspects of the theory: Riemann surfaces in the sense of 1-dimensional complex manifolds (which are not necessarily algebraic) and Complex Algebraic Curves (which are not necessarily smooth). It should be pointed out that some authors (old-school?) still use the term Riemann Surface to mean a Complex Algebraic Curve, regardless of whether it is smooth or not, thus also excluding the non-compact case.
I will now make a list of additional sources on Riemann Surfaces and Complex Algebraic Curves not present in your list and that focus exclusively on one or both of these two topics and then will edit my answer to add some information on each of them. There are many more references that include Riemann Surfaces and Complex Algebraic Curves as subsets of, for example, bigger text on Complex Geometry - for the moment I won't be mentioning them, but let me know if you are interested, they can be good sources too for some topic.
Legend: italicized references are present in OP's original list