Divide the unit circle into three arcs, and let $z$ be a point in the open unit disk. Is there a simple formula for the probability that Brownian motion started at $z$ will hit one particular arc rather than the other two when it first hits the unit circle? It would also be nice to have a way of representing $z$ in terms of the three probabilities (assuming that the mapping from points to probability triples is invertible); indeed, this would give a natural way to assign "conformal coordinates" to points in the interior of any simply-connected domain (given a choice of three points on the boundary). Is there literature on this?
In a related vein, given a triangle, one might ask for a formula that Brownian motion started at some point $z$ inside the triangle will hit one particular side of the triangle rather than the other two when it first hits the boundary of the triangle. This is equivalent to the preceding question (via the conformal map between the triangle and the disk that sends the vertices to the three marked points) but one picture might lead to nicer formulas than the other.
Best Answer
I think zhoraster's answer is on the right track, but it can be said in a simple geometric way:
You can think of the interior of the disk as the hyperbolic plane, using the Poincaré disk model. Brownian paths are the same in any conformally equivalent metric. It follows (by symmetry) that the hitting probability for paths starting at a point $x$ is proportional to the angle subtended by the three arcs in the hyperbolic plane.
For the same problem in the upper half plane, there's an even simpler description: The hyperbolic angle subtended by an arc on the real line from a point in upper half space is exactly twice the Euclidean angle. Roughly speaking: If you're in a big stuffy room with an open door in the middle of one wall, the amount of fresh air you get is proportional to the visual width of the door.