When are we not able to use integration by parts without substitution

definite integralsintegration

I am trying to find the integral to $$\frac{3x}{(x+1)^4}$$

My question is, I have been attempting to solve the answer using integration by parts my workings

I can't arrive at the given answer, and online calculators seems to be pushing for me to substitute $$u = x + 1$$

https://www.symbolab.com/solver/by-parts-integration-calculator/by%20parts%20%5Cint%20%5Cfrac%7B3x%7D%7B%5Cleft(1%2Bx%5Cright)%5E%7B4%7D%7Ddx?or=input

It seems that I can't naively do the integration by parts for this… is there a reason why?

Best Answer

Of course you can use integration by parts! Your calculations are correct, except that $1/2$ mysteriously became $3/2$ in the last step, and that you forgot to add $C$.

Also, when you multiply by something with a minus sign, you need to write it as $x (-\tfrac13)(x+1)^{-3}$, not $x-\tfrac13(x+1)^{-3}$ which means something completely different.

To compare your answer with the one from symbolab, note that $$ \frac{x}{(x+1)^3} = \frac{x+1-1}{(x+1)^3} = \frac{1}{(x+1)^2} - \frac{1}{(x+1)^3} . $$

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