So the standard multinomial theorem states that
$$
\sum_{i_1,\ldots,i_m} \binom{n}{i_1,\ldots,i_m}\cdot [i_1+\cdots +i_m=n]=m^n
$$
where the summation is over non-negative numbers and $[\cdot]$ is the indicator function that equals $1$ if and only if $\cdot$ is satisfied and $0$ otherwise. Now, do we know anything about say (for even $m$ and $n$ being a power of $2$),
$$
\sum_{i_1,\ldots,i_m} \binom{n}{i_1,\ldots,i_m}\cdot [i_1+\cdots +i_{m/2+1}\geq n/2]\cdot [i_1+\cdots +i_m=n]?
$$
or
$$
\sum_{i_1,\ldots,i_m} \binom{n}{i_1,\ldots,i_m}\cdot [i_1+\cdots +i_{m/2+2}\geq 3n/4]\cdot [i_1+\cdots +i_m=n]?
$$
or in general
$$
\sum_{i_1,\ldots,i_m} \binom{n}{i_1,\ldots,i_m}\cdot [i_1+\cdots +i_{m/2+k}\geq (2^k-1)n/2^k]\cdot [i_1+\cdots +i_m=n]?
$$
for arbitrary $k\in \{1,\ldots,m/2\}$? Eventually for large enough $k$ this just converges to the standard multonimial theorem statement.
In general, I'm looking to understand or upper bound the following quantity
$$
\sum_{i_1,\ldots,i_m} \binom{n}{i_1,\ldots,i_m}\cdot \prod_{k=1}^{m/2}[i_1+\cdots +i_{m/2+k}\geq (2^k-1)n/2^k]
$$
Any pointers/help would be appreciated!
Best Answer
$\newcommand{\bbx}[1]{\,\bbox[15px,border:1px groove navy]{\displaystyle{#1}}\,} \newcommand{\braces}[1]{\left\lbrace\,{#1}\,\right\rbrace} \newcommand{\bracks}[1]{\left\lbrack\,{#1}\,\right\rbrack} \newcommand{\dd}{\mathrm{d}} \newcommand{\ds}[1]{\displaystyle{#1}} \newcommand{\expo}[1]{\,\mathrm{e}^{#1}\,} \newcommand{\ic}{\mathrm{i}} \newcommand{\mc}[1]{\mathcal{#1}} \newcommand{\mrm}[1]{\mathrm{#1}} \newcommand{\pars}[1]{\left(\,{#1}\,\right)} \newcommand{\partiald}[3][]{\frac{\partial^{#1} #2}{\partial #3^{#1}}} \newcommand{\root}[2][]{\,\sqrt[#1]{\,{#2}\,}\,} \newcommand{\totald}[3][]{\frac{\mathrm{d}^{#1} #2}{\mathrm{d} #3^{#1}}} \newcommand{\verts}[1]{\left\vert\,{#1}\,\right\vert}$ $\ds{m\ \mbox{and}\ n}$ are even numbers. Then, lets set $m \equiv 2M$ and $n = 2N$ where $\ds{M, N, \in \mathbb{N}_{\ \geq\ 0}}$.
Lets study one of the above expressions. Namely, the first non standard one: \begin{align} &\bbox[5px,#ffd]{\sum_{k_{1},\ldots,k_{2m}}{2N \choose k_{1},\ldots,k_{2M}} \bracks{k_{1} + \cdots + k_{M + 1} \geq N}} \\[5mm] = & \sum_{s = N}^{\infty}\sum_{k_{1},\ldots,k_{2M}\ =\ 0}^{\infty}{\pars{2N}! \over k_{1}!,\ldots,k_{2M}!} \bracks{k_{1} + \cdots + k_{M + 1} = s} \\[5mm] = &\ \pars{2N}!\sum_{s = N}^{\infty}\sum_{k_{1},\ldots,k_{2M}\ =\ 0}^{\infty}{1 \over k_{1}!,\ldots,k_{2M}!} \bracks{z^{\large s}}z^{k_{1} + \cdots + k_{M + 1}} \\[5mm] = &\ \pars{2N}!\sum_{s = N}^{\infty}\bracks{z^{\large s}} \pars{\sum_{k = 0}^{\infty}{z^{k} \over k!}}^{M + 1} \pars{\sum_{q = 0}^{\infty}{1 \over q!}}^{M - 1} \\[5mm] = &\ \pars{2N}!\expo{M - 1}\sum_{s = N}^{\infty}\bracks{z^{\large s}} \expo{\pars{M + 1}z} \\[5mm] = &\ \bbx{\pars{2N}!\,\expo{M - 1} \sum_{s = N}^{\infty}{\pars{M + 1}^{s} \over s!}} \\ & \end{align}