You almost got everything right, and the only problem you have is a minor error when you define $b_n$. You should have
$$b_n=2^n\,(n+1)!=2^n\,\Gamma(n+2)\text{ for }n=1,2,3,\ldots\,.$$
Thus, for each $n=1,2,3,\ldots$,
$$\begin{align}\frac{a_n}{b_n}&=\frac{\Gamma\left(n+\frac12\right)}{\Gamma\left(\frac12\right)\,\Gamma(n+2)}=\frac{2}{\pi}\,\left(\frac{\Gamma\left(n+\frac12\right)\,\Gamma\left(\frac32\right)}{\Gamma(n+2)}\right)\\&=\frac{2}{\pi}\,\text{B}\left(n+\frac12,\frac32\right)\,,\end{align}$$
where $\Gamma$ and $\text{B}$ are the usual gamma and beta functions, respectively. Hence,
$$\frac{a_n}{b_n}=\frac{2}{\pi}\,\int_0^1\,x^{n-\frac12}\,(1-x)^{\frac12}\,\text{d}x\,,$$
so
$$\begin{align}\sum_{n=1}^\infty\,\frac{a_n}{b_n}&=\frac{2}{\pi}\,\int_0^1\,\frac{x^{\frac12}}{1-x}\,(1-x)^{\frac12}\,\text{d}x
\\&=\frac{2}{\pi}\,\int_0^1\,x^{\frac12}\,(1-x)^{-\frac12}\,\text{d}x\,.\end{align}$$
That is, with $u:=x^{\frac12}$, we obtain
$$\begin{align}\sum_{n=1}^\infty\,\frac{a_n}{b_n}&=\frac{4}{\pi}\,\int_0^1\,\frac{u^2}{\sqrt{1-u^2}}\,\text{d}u\\&=\frac{2}{\pi}\,\left(\text{arcsin}(u)-u\,\sqrt{1-u^2}\right)\Big|_{u=0}^{u=1}\,.\end{align}$$
Ergo,
$$\sum_{n=1}^\infty\,\frac{a_n}{b_n}=1\,,$$
whence
$$1+\frac{1\cdot 3}{6}+\frac{1\cdot 3\cdot 5}{6\cdot 8}+\frac{1\cdot3\cdot 5\cdot 7}{6\cdot 8\cdot 10}+\ldots=4\,\sum_{n=1}^\infty\,\frac{a_n}{b_n}=4\,.$$
In fact, one can show that
$$f(z):=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\,\prod_{k=1}^n\,\left(\frac{k-\frac32}{k}\right)\,z^n=(1-z)^{\frac12}$$
for all $z\in\mathbb{C}$ with $|z|\leq 1$. The requested sum satisfies
$$S=8\,\Biggl(1-\frac12-f(1)\Biggr)=4\,.$$
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$\ds{{4 \over 10} + {4 \cdot 7 \over 10 \cdot 20} +
{4 \cdot 7 \cdot 10 \over 10 \cdot 20 \cdot 30} + \cdots =
\sum_{n = 1}^{\infty}{\prod_{k = 1}^{n}\pars{3k + 1} \over
\prod_{k = 1}^{n}10k}:\ {\LARGE ?}}$.
\begin{align}
&\bbox[10px,#ffd]{\ds{\sum_{n = 1}^{\infty}
{\prod_{k = 1}^{n}\pars{3k + 1} \over \prod_{k = 1}^{n}10k}}} =
\sum_{n = 1}^{\infty}
{3^{n}\prod_{k = 1}^{n}\pars{k + 1/3} \over 10^{n}n!} =
\sum_{n = 1}^{\infty}
{\pars{3/10}^{n} \over n!}\,\pars{4 \over 3}^{\large\overline{n}}
\\[5mm] = &\
\sum_{n = 1}^{\infty}
{\pars{3/10}^{n} \over n!}\,{\Gamma\pars{4/3 + n} \over \Gamma\pars{4/3}} =
\sum_{n = 1}^{\infty}
\pars{3 \over 10}^{n}\,{\pars{n + 1/3}! \over n!\pars{1/3}!}
\\[5mm] = &\
\sum_{n = 1}^{\infty}\pars{3 \over 10}^{n}\,{n + 1/3 \choose n} =
\sum_{n = 1}^{\infty}\pars{3 \over 10}^{n}
\bracks{{-4/3 \choose n}\pars{-1}^{n}}
\\[5mm] = &\
\sum_{n = 1}^{\infty}
{-4/3 \choose n}\pars{-\,{3 \over 10}}^{n} =
\bracks{1 + \pars{-\,{3 \over 10}}}^{-4/3} - 1
\\[5mm] = &\
\bbx{\pars{10 \over 7}^{4/3} - 1} \approx 0.6089
\end{align}
Best Answer
That term in the denominator is also called the double factorial, namely: $$(2n+1)!!=\frac{(2n+1)!}{2^n n!}$$ And our series can be rewritten as: $$S=\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{1}{(2n+1)!!}$$ Now from this link see (21), is given that: $$\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^{2n+1}}{(2n+1)!!}=\sqrt{\frac{\pi}{2}}\text{erf}\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt 2} \right) e^{\frac{x^2}{2}}$$ $$\Rightarrow S=\sqrt{\frac{e\pi}{2}}\text{erf}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt 2}\right)$$ Where $\text{erf(z)}$ is the error function, defined as: $\displaystyle{\text{erf}(z)=\frac{2}{\sqrt{\pi}}\int_0^z e^{-t^2}dt}$