Show that the circumscribed circle passes through the middle of the segment determined by center of the incircle and the center of an excircle.

euclidean-geometrygeometrytriangle-centrestriangles

Show that the circumscribed circle for a triangle passes through the middle of the segment determined by the center of the incircle and the center of an excircle.

I found this Incenter and circumcenter of triangle ABC collinear with orthocenter of MNP, tangency points of incircle, but it was just tangentially helpful, and also everything about the Euler line and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incircle_and_excircles_of_a_triangle. Any help, please?

Best Answer

Proof. Note that the incenter, $I$ is determined by the intersection of the internal angle bisectors of the triangle. We will consider the $A$-excircle, i.e. the excircle whose center, let's call it $X$, is determined by the intersection of the external angle bisectors at vertices $B$ and $C$. Note that $X$ lies on the line $AI$ as well.

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Let $\angle BAC = \alpha$, $\angle ABC = \beta$ and $\angle ACB = \gamma$. Furthermore, let $AX \cap (ABC) = M$, so we need to show that $MI = MX$. We claim that $BICX$ is a cyclic quadrilateral centered at $M$. Firstly, we have $\angle BAM = \angle CAM = \frac{\alpha}{2}$, so $MB = MC$. Next, we show that $\triangle MCI$ is isosceles. Indeed, we have $\angle MIC = \angle IAC + \angle ACI = \frac{\alpha}{2} + \frac{\gamma}{2} = \angle BAM + \angle BCI = \angle BCM + \angle BCI = \angle MCI$.

Since $MB = MC = MI$, $M$ is the circumcenter of $\triangle BCI$, it remains to show that $X ∈ (BCI)$. We have $\angle BIC = 180° - \frac{\beta}{2} - \frac{\gamma}{2}$. On the other hand, $\angle BXC = 180° - \angle CBX - \angle BCX = 180° - \frac{180° - \beta}{2} - \frac{180° - \gamma}{2} = \frac{\beta}{2} + \frac{\gamma}{2}$.

Therefore, $\angle BIC + \angle BXC = 180°$, i.e. $X ∈ (BCI)$ and $(BCI)$ is centered at $M$, so $MI = MX$, as desired.

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