There was this question in our trig homework; it was for plotting a graph but I found it far more interesting than that. When drawing the graph of $\sin(x)+\cos(x)$ (by hand, which I find rather pointless), I found that it looked like some sort of sine or cosine graph. So I set out with all my trig identities to prove this.
$f(x)=\sin(x)+\cos(x)$
$\begin{align} f^2(x)=\sin^2 (x) + \cos^2 (x)+2\sin(x)\cos(x)&=1+\sin(2x) \\ &= 1+\cos\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2} -2x\right) \\&= 1+\cos\left(2x-\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right) \\ &= 1+\cos\left(2\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right) \right) \\ &= 1+2\cos^2 \left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)-1 \\ &= 2\cos^2 \left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right) \end{align}$
So that means that $f(x)=\sqrt{2}\cos \left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)$
Is there another shorter way to arrive at this result? Also, is there a geometric interpretation of this that can be explained to someone who doesn't know most of the identities I've used?
PS: If this question has already been asked please leave a link for it. I honestly tried to search for a similar question before asking this.
Best Answer
Geometric interpretation:
Rotate the right triangle. The projected length of the $\sqrt 2$ hypothenuses will vary following a sinusoid.
At the same time, this projected length is $\cos\theta+\sin\theta$.