Probability – Why P(HH) Differs from P(TH)

probability

Suppose I keep tossing a fair coin until I get two consecutive heads or a tail and then immediately a head following it. Why are these two patterns not equally probable? I thought they were since the coin is fair…

Should I model this problem using a geometric distribution or some other distribution? Perhaps I should just think in terms of conditional probability?

Best Answer

If the first toss is a tail, you’re certain to get TH before you get HH. If the first toss is a head, however, you could still get TH before getting HH. Thus, the probability of getting TH first is greater than $\frac12$. (I’m assuming a fair coin.)

Added: This answers the original question, but the reasoning can be extended to get a numerical result. If you get a T before getting HH, you are certain to get TH before HH. Thus, the only way to get HH first is to get it before tossing even one T, which means getting it in the first two tosses. That occurs with probability $\frac14$, so the probability of getting TH first must be $\frac34$. (The only outcome that results in never getting HH or TH is an infinite string of tails, which has probability $0$.)

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