Let me attempt to answer this question. I should mention that I am not a research algebraic topologist. In fact, I am a student of algebraic topology and I hope to one day become a researcher in the area. I am currently on the path toward this goal.
Let me begin by saying that you are definitely on the right track by reading Hatcher's textbook. I think that the most fundamental topics of algebraic topology are covered in Hatcher's textbook and a knowledge of these topics will be very useful to you as a research mathematician no matter in which area of mathematics you specialize. I will assume that you have completed Hatcher's book and you are interested in further topics in algebraic topology.
I think the next step in algebraic topology (assuming that you have studied chapter 4 of Hatcher's book as well on homotopy theory) is to study vector bundles, K-theory, and characteristic classes. I think there are many excellent textbooks on this subject.
My favorite book in K-theory is "K-theory" by Michael Atiyah although some people object because they feel that the proof of Bott periodicity in this book is not very intuitive but rather long and involved (and I agree). However, you may as well assume Bott periodicity on faith if you read this book as the techniques used in proving Bott periodicity are not used or mentioned elsewhere in the book (although minor exceptions may show this statement to be false). I think a very slick proof of Bott periodicity is discussed in the paper "Bott Periodicity via Simplicial Spaces" by Bruno Harris. I would recommend you to read this paper if you are interested in a proof of Bott periodicity.
Alternatively, you may wish to learn from Hatcher's textbook entitled "Vector Bundles and K-theory" (available free online from his webpage) or the textbook by Max Karoubi entitled "K-theory: An Introduction". Hatcher's book discusses the image of the J-homomorphism (in stable homotopy theory) which is an important an interesting application of K-theory. I don't think that this is discussed in Atiyah's textbook. Similarly, Hatcher has a more detailed description of the Hopf-invariant one problem than that of Atiyah's book. Thus a good plan would be to read Atiyah's textbook and supplement it with a reading of the Hopf-invariant one problem and the J-homomorphism in Hatcher's book. Alternatively, you could read Karoubi's book which is much lengthier than the two (combined) but is an excellent textbook as well.
If you learn vector bundles and K-theory very well, then you should also learn the theory of characteristic classes. I believe that this is discussed in some detail in Hatcher's book (the same one entitled "Vector Bundles and K-theory") and the most basic properties of characteristic classes are proved. However, a more detailed discussion of characteristic classes can be found in the book entitled "Characteristic Classes" by Milnor and Stasheff. I would recommend reading the latter book if you have time and wish to learn about characteristic classes fairly thoroughly. Otherwise, the minimal treatment of characteristic classes in Hatcher's book is also sufficient in the short-term.
A good topic to learn about at this stage is spectral sequences. Spectral sequences furnish an extremely useful and efficient computational tool in algebraic topology. I can't really recommend the good book on spectral sequences because there are many but you might wish to look at "A User's Guide to Spectral Sequenes" by John McCleary and Hatcher's book on spectral sequences (available free online on his webpage).
Finally, you should now learn homotopy theory in more depth. An excellent place to do this is "Stable Homotopy and Generalized Homology" by Frank Adams. Unfortunately, this is as far as I can advise you because this is as far as I have progressed in algebraic topology. I think once you finish the book "Stable Homotopy and Generalized Homology" by Frank Adams the next step could be to start reading research papers (which you have to do sooner or later). Of course, advice on reading research mathematics papers is long and involved so I won't go into details in this answer as we are discussing algebraic topology. But, the books I suggested should keep you busy at least in the short term.
I hope this helps!
My case was similar to yours: I graduated in theoretical physics but then made the transition to pure mathematics, so I had to quickly get a good grasp of required background material. The fastest path I know to the essential point-set/metric topology needed to start algebraic topology is the recent textbook:
- Runde, V. - A Taste of Topology.
It develops all elementary concepts and proves all standard theorems in just ~165p. in a course-like set of rigorous lectures with exercises. I think it is the best supplement of, or starting point before, Bredon's "Topology and Geometry", as this last title is geared towards algebraic topology and develops general and differential topology in a very succinct manner (although very complete!). That couple of books would make a quick route to what you want. You can check out other suitable book collections at my Amazon listmanias.
Best Answer
Chapter 1 of Hatcher corresponds to chapter 9 of Munkres. These topology video lectures (syllabus here) do chapters 2, 3 & 4 (topological space in terms of open sets, relating this to neighbourhoods, closed sets, limit points, interior, exterior, closure, boundary, denseness, base, subbase, constructions [subspace, product space, quotient space], continuity, connectedness, compactness, metric spaces, countability & separation) of Munkres before going on to do 9 straight away so you could take this as a guide to what you need to know from Munkres before doing Hatcher, however if you actually look at the subject you'll see chapter 4 of Munkres (questions of countability, separability, regularity & normality of spaces etc...) don't really appear in Hatcher apart from things on Hausdorff spaces which appear only as part of some exercises or in a few concepts tied up with manifolds (in other words, these concepts may be being implicitly assumed). Thus basing our judgement off of this we see that the first chapter of Naber is sufficient on these grounds... However you'd need the first 4 chapters of Lee's book to get this material in, & then skip to chapter 7 (with 5 & 6 of Lee relating to chapter 2 of Hatcher).
There's a crazy amount of abstract algebra involved in this subject (an introduction to which you'll find after lecture 25 in here) so I'd be equally worried about that if I didn't know much algebra.
These video lectures (syllabus here) follow Hatcher & I found the very little I've seen useful mainly for the motivation the guy gives. If you download the files & use a program like IrfanView to view the pictures as you watch the video on vlc player or whatever it's much more bearable since you can freeze the position of the screen on the board as you scroll through 200 + pictures.
I wouldn't recommend you treat point set topology as something one could just rush through, I did & suffered very badly for it...