Let $R$ be a ring, $M$ is a $R$-module. Then the Krull dimension of $M$ is defined by $\dim (R/\operatorname{Ann}M)$.
I can understand the definition of an algebra in a intuitive way, since the definition by chain of prime ideals agrees with the transcendental degree.
So, why dimension of module $M$ should be $\dim (R/\operatorname{Ann}M)$?
Please feel freely answering my question. Thanks.
Best Answer
Let $M$ be a finitely generated module over $R$.
Its support $\operatorname{ supp}(M) \subset \operatorname {Spec}(R)$ is the set of prime ideals $\mathfrak p$ such that the stalk $M_{\mathfrak p}$ satisfies $M_{\mathfrak p}\neq 0$ or, equivalently thanks to Nakayama, that the fiber $M_{\mathfrak p}\otimes _R\kappa (\mathfrak p)$ is $\neq 0$.
It is then quite reasonable to say that the dimension of $\operatorname{ supp}(M)$ is some measure of the size of $M$, since outside of $\operatorname{ supp}(M)$ the fibers of $M$ are zero and on $\operatorname{ supp}(M)$ they are not zero, so that on $\operatorname{ supp}(M)$ the module $M$ behaves a bit like a vector bundle (and the associated sheaf $\tilde M$ is a vector bundle if $M$ is projective).
So we define $\operatorname {dim }(M) =\operatorname {dim}(\operatorname{ supp}(M))$.
And since it is easy to see that $\operatorname{ supp}(M))=V(\operatorname{ Ann}M)$ we arrive at
$$ \operatorname {dim }(M) =\operatorname {dim}(\operatorname{ supp}(M))= \operatorname {dim}(V(\operatorname{ Ann}M))= \operatorname {dim}(A/\operatorname{ Ann}M) $$
Summing up, we could say that the genuine dimension of $M$ is $\operatorname {dim}(\operatorname{ supp}(M))$ and that the formula $\operatorname {dim}(M)=\operatorname {dim}(A/\operatorname{ Ann}M)$ is just a technical device for computing it.
Edit
I have just remembered that there are two fantastic pictures of $M$ and $\operatorname{ supp}(M)$ in Miles Reid's Undergraduate Commutative Algebra: page 98 and right at the beginning of the book, as a frontispiece.
These illustrations are among the cleverest and most helpful I have ever seen in a mathematics book.