Since you will use several values of $x$, it is probably easiest to find a function for the slope, in terms of $x$, and then plug in the various values for $x$. That is, the slope of the secant line $PQ$ is the rise over run (change in $y$ over change in $x$):
$$m(x) = \frac{x^2 + x + 4 - 24}{x - 4}$$
So, $m(x)$ gives the slope for any particular value of $x$. A practical reason to do this is, for example on a TI-83 or TI-84 or something like it, you can now type in that function to $Y_1$ and then go to the Table and plug in the various $x$ values and you get the slopes immediately. And, since it is so fast, you can check this for more values than the question even asks for to get an even better intuition. Or, you could use Wolfram Alpha to accomplish the same thing. For example, type in:
Evaluate (x^2 + x + 4 - 24)/(x - 4) at x = 4.1, 4.01, 4.001, 3.9, 3.99, 3.999
Back to the problem,
$\begin{align*}
m(4.1) =& \frac{4.1^2 + 4.1 + 4 - 24}{4.1 - 4} = \frac{0.91}{0.1} = 9.1 \\
m(4.01) =& \frac{4.01^2 + 4.01 + 4 - 24}{4.01 - 4} = \frac{0.0901}{0.01} = 9.01 \\
m(4.001) =& \frac{4.001^2 + 4.001 + 4 - 24}{4.001 - 4} = \frac{0.009001}{0.001} = 9.001 \\
m(3.9) =& = \frac{3.9^2 + 3.9 + 4 - 24}{3.9 - 4} = \frac{-0.89}{-0.1} = 8.9 \\
m(3.99) =& = \frac{3.99^2 + 3.99 + 4 - 24}{3.99 - 4} = \frac{-0.0899}{-0.01} = 8.99 \\
m(3.999) =& = \frac{3.999^2 + 3.999 + 4 - 24}{3.999 - 4} = \frac{-0.008999}{-0.001} = 8.999
\end{align*}$
From this, we would probably guess that the slope of the tangent line when $x = 4$ is 9. This does not guarantee that we are right, but assuming the function is reasonably well behaved, we could be pretty confident in this guess.
And, once you learn how to calculate derivatives, you will find this is correct as the slope of the tangent line at any $x$ value is the derivative. Since
$$y'(x) = 2x + 1$$
we see that
$$y'(4) = 9$$
A tangent line may or may not cross the curve at the point of tangency, but among all lines through the point of tangency it is always at the boundary between those that cross the curve in one direction at that point and those that cross it in the other direction at that point.
Best Answer
The definition of tangent is not that it just intersects at one point. It has to do with precisely the way the line touches the curve at that point, and nothing to do with what happens anywhere else.
If you zoom in closer and closer to the point of tangency, and as you get closer, the curve and the line become indistinguishable, then it's a tangent line. It doesn't matter how many times it might contact the curve at other points, as long as it matches at the point we're interested in.