Let $\sigma\in A_n$. Show that all elements in the conjugacy class of $\sigma$ in $S_n$ (i.e. all elements of the same cycle type as $\sigma$) are conjugate in $A_n$ if and only if $\sigma$ commutes with an odd permutation.
Hint: Use the previous proven fact: Assume $H$ is normal subgroup of $G$, $\mathcal{K}$ is a conjugacy class of $G$ contained in $H$ and $x\in\mathcal{K}$. Prove that $\mathcal{K}$ is a union of $k$ conjugacy classes of equal size in $H$, where $k=|G:HC_G(x)|$. Deduce that a conjugacy class in $S_n$ which consists of even permutations is either a single conjugacy class under the action of $A_n$ or is a union of two classes of the same size in $A_n$.
Proof ($\Rightarrow$): Let $\sigma\in A_n$. Assume that all elements in the conjugacy class of $\sigma$ in $S_n$ (i.e. all elements of the same cycle type as $\sigma$) are conjugate in $A_n$. We need to show that $\sigma$ commutes with an odd permutation. By our assumption we have for all $x\in \sigma S_n\sigma^{-1}$, $\sigma\in \sigma A_n \sigma^{-1}$
Proof ($\Leftarrow$): Let $\sigma\in A_n$. Assume that $\sigma$ commutes with an odd permutation. We need to show all the elements in the conjugacy class of $\sigma$ in $S_n$ (i.e. all elements of the same cycle type as $\sigma$) are conjugate in $A_n$.
Let $\tau$ be an odd permutation in $S_n$. We know that $\sigma$ commutes with $\tau$. i.e. $$\sigma\tau=\tau\sigma \iff \tau\sigma\tau^{-1}=\sigma.$$ Let $\rho$ be an element of the conjugacy class of $\sigma$ in $S_n$
I have tried to do something for each direction but I don't see how the hint is going to help me. Can I get any tips on finishing each direction?
Best Answer
It's not very hard to prove without using the hint: