[Math] Show that a polar equation describes a circle

calculuscirclespolar coordinates

I want to prove that this polar equation:

$$r^2 + 2r(\cos(\theta) – 3\sin(\theta)) = 4$$

describes a circle.

I tried converting the equation into a cartesian equation and got

$$r^2 + 2x – 6y = 4$$

and this is basically where i got stuck. Where do I go from here, or am I proving this in the correct way at all?

Best Answer

A circle is described in polar form by $r^2-2rx_0\cos(\theta - y_0)+x_0^2=a^2$ where $a$ is a constant and $x_0$ and $y_0$ represent the coordinates of the center of the circle. Therefore, $$\frac{dr}{d\theta}=2rx_0\sin(\theta-y_0)$$ So if the equation you are given describes a circle, then $\frac{dr}{d\theta}=2rx_0\sin(\theta-y_0)$. All you have to do is prove this. Implicit differentiation will be needed, though.