[Math] Self complementary graph with a pendant vertex

graph theory

Show that if a self-complementary graph contains a pendant vertex, then it must have at least another pendant vertex.

Let $G$ be a graph of order $n$, so it has $n(n-1)/4$ edges, just like its complement. Asume that there is only one pendant vertex $v$, so $d(v)=1$, it means that $G^c$ has a vertex $w$ with $d(w)=n-2$. Then $G$ must also have a vertex of degree $n-2$ and $G^c$ one of degree $1$.

I guess I can reach somehow a contradiction with the fact that $n=4k$ or $n=4k+1$, but I got stuck there.

Can you give me a hint please? Like "this fact may be useful…"

Best Answer

A very nice problem. I did not know it, but I find it hard to give a hint without giving away the full proof. Here is a try: consider the adjacency of the vertex of degree 1 and the vertex of degree $n-2$.

Here is the proof then.

Suppose there is only one vertex $v$ of degree 1. Then there is also only one vertex $w$ of degree $n-2$. Let $\phi$ be an isomorphism mapping $G$ to its complement. Clearly $\phi(v)=w$ and $\phi(w)=v$. But this implies that $v$ and $w$ are adjacent in $G$, if and only if they are adjacent in the complement.

This contradiction shows that there must be another vertex of degree 1.

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