[Math] Prove that $Y$ is Hausdorff iff $X$ is Hausdorff and $A$ is a closed subset of $X$

general-topologyquotient-spacesseparation-axioms

Let $X$ be a topological space and $A$ a subset of $X$. On $X\times\{0,1\}$ define the partition composed of the pairs $\{(a,0),(a,1)\}$ for $a\in A$, and of the singletons $\{(x,i)\}$ if $x\in X\setminus A$ and $i \in \{0,1\}$.

Let $R$ be the equivalence relation defined by this partition, let $Y$ be the quotient space $[X \times \{0,1\}]/R$ and let $p:X \times \{0,1\} \to Y$ be the quotient map.

(a) Prove that there exists a continuous map $f:Y \to X$ such that $f \circ p(x,i)=x$ for every $x\in X$ and $i \in \{0,1\}$.

(b) Prove that Y is Hausdorff if and only if X is Hausdorff and A a closed subset of X.

So far I have done part (a), but am struggling with part (b). I am thinking I will have to use the fact that if a quotient space $Z/R$ is Hausdorff then the graph of the equivalence relation in $Z \times Z$ is closed. However, I am not positive. If anyone could even just help me get started somewhere on this question I would be grateful, thank you.

Best Answer

Hints: It actually shouldn't be too difficult to just go through the proof by hand without relying on other theorems.

  • ($\Rightarrow$) If $X$ is not Hausdorff, then there are distinct points $x , y \in X$ which cannot be separated. Show that $p ( x , 0 ) , p ( y , 0 )$ cannot be separated in $Y$. If $A \subseteq X$ is not closed, let $x \in \overline{A} \setminus A$. Show that the points $p ( x , 0 ) , p ( x , 1 )$ (which are distinct) cannot be separated in $Y$.
  • ($\Leftarrow$) This should just be working through the cases. First note that if $x , y \in X$ are distinct, then they can be separated by open sets in $X$, and it is not too hard to separate $p ( x , i ) , p ( y , j )$ for any $i,j \in \{ 0 , 1 \}$. So the real difficulty will be in separating $p ( x , 0 ) , p ( x , 1 )$ for $x \in X$. But note that we only have to worry about this when $p ( x , 0 ) \neq p ( x , 1 )$. When does this happen? (Obvious choices for open sets should jump out at you.)
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