Prove that $\phi(n)=\frac{n}{2}$ iff $n=2^k$ for some integer $k\geq 1$
Attempt:
Let $n=p_1^{\alpha_1}p_2^{\alpha_2}\dots p_k^{\alpha_k}$. Then $\phi(n)=\frac{n}{2} \implies \frac{n}{2}=n(1-\frac{1}{p_1})(1-\frac{1}{p_2})\cdots (1-\frac{1}{p_k})$
$\implies p_1p_2\dots p_k=2(p_1-1)(p_2-1)\cdots (p_k-1)$.
Unable to go further. Please help.
The converse part:
If $n=2^k$ then $\phi(n)=\phi(2^k)=2^k(1-1/2)=n/2.$ (proved)
Best Answer
Hint: Let $p_k$ be the largest prime factor. It is a factor of:
$$2(p_1-1)(p_2-1)\cdots (p_k-1)$$