[Math] non-symmetric matrix with orthogonal eigenvectors

diagonalizationeigenvalues-eigenvectorslinear algebramatrices

Given that a symmetric matrix with real entries has orthogonal eigenvectors, is the converse true? That is, if a matrix has orthogonal eigenvectors, does it have to be symmetrical and real?

Best Answer

If a matrix $A$ has orthogonal eigenvectors, then there exists an orthogonal $P$ and a diagonal matrix $\Lambda$ such that $$ A=P\Lambda P^\top $$ It follows that $$ A^\top = (P\Lambda P^\top)^\top = (P^\top)^\top\Lambda^\top P^\top=P\Lambda P^\top=A $$ Hence $A$ is symmetric.