I am helping someone study for a statistics exam. I am quite good at most other math classes but it's been a while since I studied statistics. I am stuck on one of the exercise problems that we worked on.
Exercise:
This is a paraphrase of the exercise:
A mason lays a row of cement blocks with a layer of motar. Each row (bricks and mortar) has a mean height of 8 inches with standard deviation 0.1 inches. What is the probability that a wall built from 4 rows of cement blocks differs from 32 inches by more than a half-inch? Assume that the height of each row is independent and distributed normally.
What I can do:
I know that I need to find the mean $\mu_{wall}$ and standard deviation $\sigma_{wall}$ for the wall made from four rows of cement blocks. I'm given that the mean $\mu_{row}$ and standard deviation $\sigma_{row}$ of one row of blocks are $\mu_{row} = 8$ and $\sigma_{row} = 0.1$. So for $n = 4$ rows, we have $\mu_{walls} = n \mu_{row} = 4 \cdot 8 = 32$.
Question:
How do I calculate $\sigma_{wall}$ knowing that $\sigma_{row} = 0.1$? My first guess would be to simply multiply by 4, but I'm not sure that is correct. Once I have the standard deviation, doing a Z test is easy.
Best Answer
No. Variances are additive, so:
$$var\left(\sum_{i=1}^n x_i\right) = \sum_{i=1}^n var(x_i) = n \cdot var(x)$$
Which means:
$$std \left(\sum_{i=1}^n x_i\right) = \sqrt{n} \cdot std(x)$$