%%(Theorem A) For all $j\geq 3$, $n_j$ is relatively prime to the product of all the previous $n’s$.%%
%%(Theorem B) Let $a,b,m,$ and $n$ be integers with $m>0$ and $n>0$, and $(m,n)=1$. Then the system
\begin{align*}
x\equiv a\pmod n\\
x\equiv b\pmod m
\end{align*}
has a unique solution modulo $mn$.%%
Let $P(s)$ be "the system of $s$ congruences has a unique solution modulo the product $n_1n_2n_3\cdots n_s$".
I have proved that $P(2)$ is true.
Inductive Hypothesis: Suppose $k$ is an integer with $k \geq 2$ such that the system of $k$ congruences has a unique solution modulo the product $n_1n_2n_3 \cdots n_k$.
By Inductive Hypothesis, the system of $k$ congruences has a unique solution $x\equiv x_0 \pmod{n_1n_2n_3 \cdots n_k}$.
Suppose we have $x\equiv a_{k+1} \pmod {n_{k+1}}$.
Then, by Theorem A, $(n_{k+1}, n_1n_2n_3 \cdots n_k)=1$.
Hence by Theorem B, the system
\begin{align*}
x&\equiv x_0 \pmod{n_1n_2n_3 \cdots n_k}\\
x&\equiv a_{k+1} \pmod {n_{k+1}}
\end{align*}
has a unique solution modulo $n_1n_2n_3 \cdots n_{k+1}$
$P(k)\Rightarrow P(k+1)$.
$\therefore$ Chinese Remainder Theorem is true.
Best Answer
You are implicitly assuming that all the $n_j$ are pairwise coprime. The other is correct (when you use Th.B you already have existence and uniqueness at once).