Let $R$ be the ring of all continuous real valued functions on the unit interval $[0,1]$ (with pointwise operations), and let $I$ be a proper ideal of $R$. Show that there exists $λ\in [0,1]$ such that
$$I\subseteq M_{λ}= \left\{f \in R\mid f(λ)=0\right\}.$$
Can't really get anywhere with this one. Appreciate the help.
Best Answer
One way to approach this is to show directly that the intersection of all zero sets of functions in $I$ is nonempty.
Denote the zero set of $f$ as $z(f)$. Of course $z(f)$ is always closed and nonempty for $f\in I$ (If it's empty, the function is a unit.)
The next observation is that the intersection of two zero sets for functions $I$ is nonempty. If to the contrary $z(f)\cap z(g)=\emptyset$, then $z(f^2+g^2)=\emptyset$, but this isn't possible since $f^2+g^2\in I$. From this proof you can see that for every $f$ and $g$ in $I$, $f^2+g^2$ is another element of $I$ whose zero set is just $z(f)\cap z(g)$. By induction, the intersection of finitely many zero sets is again a nonempty zero set of a function in $I$.
Now I claim that in a compact space, $\cap\{z(f)\mid f\in I\}$ is nonempty. If it were empty, then the complements of the $z(f)$ form an open covering of the space. Extracting a finite subcover, we have $\cap_{i=1}^n z(f_i)=\emptyset$. But we've already said this isn't possible, by the observations in the last paragraph.
Therefore $\cap\{z(f)\mid f\in I\}\neq\emptyset$, and any $\lambda$ in this set will do the trick for your question.