[Math] How to prove the limit of a sequence (of partial sums)

calculusreal-analysissequences-and-series

I've been tasked to prove that the sequence of partial sums of harmonic series diverges.

$$\lim_{n\to\infty}\;\;\sum_{i=1}^n \frac{1}{i}=\infty$$

I decided to prove this using the Monotone convergence theorem.
I managed to prove that the sequence in monotonic using induction.
However, I don't know how to prove that it is unbounded.

Here's an example how to do this for:

$X_n = n$

$$\lim_{n\to\infty} n = \infty $$

$∀ε>0,\;\; ∃N(ε)∈\mathbb{N} : ∀n > N(ε), |{X_n}| > ε$

$n > ε$
$N(ε) = \lfloor ε\rfloor + 1$

So for every epsilon we can find a number $N(ε)$ that for every number greater than this number the $n$-term of a sequence will be greater than epsilon.

However, I have no idea which $N$ with respect to epsilon should I take in the case of partial sums, because there is that $∑$ sign.

Thank you so much!

Best Answer

One can use the comparison test.

$$1 + \frac12 + \frac13 + \frac14 + \ldots > 1 + \frac12 + \frac14 + \frac14 + \ldots$$

So, in the RHS we can group the terms that add up to one. Take limits and there you go.

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