[Math] how to prove irrotational for Laplace’s equation

vector analysis

Prove that if a scalar field $\phi(x,y,z)$ satisfies Laplace's equation:

$\nabla^2 \phi = 0$

$\nabla \cdot \nabla \phi = 0$

then:

$\vec{v} = \nabla \phi$ is irrotational.


irrotational is defined as any vector field where the curl is zero:

$\nabla \times \vec{v} = 0$

Best Answer

This is an identity in vector calculus: "The Curl of a Gradient is always zero"

Thus:

$\vec{v} = \nabla \phi$

taking the curl of both sides, we have:

$\nabla \times \vec{v} = \underbrace{\nabla \times}_{curl} \underbrace{\nabla \phi}_\text{gradient}$

$\nabla \times \vec{v} = 0$

therefore vector field $\vec{v} = \nabla \phi$ is irrotational.

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