[Math] How many 6-letter words that have either exactly 2 vowels or 4 vowels are there? (all lower case)

combinatorics

I considered two cases.

Case 1 (2 vowels): Pick 2 vowels $\binom{5 + 2 -1}{2}$, then pick 4 consonants $\binom{21 + 4 -1}{4}$, then order them $6!$.

Case 2 (4 vowels): Pick 4 vowels $\binom{5 + 4 -1}{4}$, then pick 2 consonants $\binom{21 + 2 -1}{2}$, then order them $6!$.

Total: $\binom{5 + 2 -1}{2} \binom{21 + 4 -1}{4} 6! +\binom{5 + 4 -1}{4} \binom{21 + 2 -1}{2} 6!$

But then I realized I couldn't do the factorial step because I could have the same vowels/consonants appearing more than once so I would be over counting their order. How can I clear this up?

Is there an alternative way I can go about this?

Thanks!

Best Answer

We can get around it as follows for the two vowel case:

  1. Represent the word as six blank spots: _ _ _ _ _ _.

  2. Choose two spots for the vowels: ${6 \choose 2}$.

  3. Since order matters, we can fill those two spots in $5^2$ ways.

  4. Since order matters, we can fill the remaining consonants in $21^4$ ways.

For a total of ${6 \choose 2} 5^2 21^4=72930375$ ways.

A similar argument applies to the four vowel case. I get a final total of $77064750$ different words with either exactly two or exactly four vowels.