You certainly can figure out the modulus using a diagram, but personally I find this method unpleasant, so I shall proceed by algebraic means. Now, the modulus of $z = x+iy$ can be defined as $|z| = \sqrt{x^2+y^2}$. For $z = \cos\theta+i\sin\theta$,
$$\begin{eqnarray*}|z-1| &=& \sqrt{(\cos\theta-1)^2+\sin^2\theta}\\
&=& \sqrt{\cos^2\theta-2\cos\theta+1+\sin^2\theta}\\ &=& \sqrt{2-2\cos\theta}\\ &=& 2\sqrt{\frac{1-\cos\theta}{2}}\\ &=& 2\sin\frac{\theta}{2}\end{eqnarray*}$$
with the last equality holding only for acute angles $\theta$ (this is the so-called half-angle identity).
(Note that this method is pretty explanatory and slow, you can do it faster).
Let $u = 2\theta$, then we have:
$$ \sin 4\theta = \sin 2u $$
We know that:
$$ \sin 2u = 2\sin u\cos u$$
Now put $u = 2\theta$ back in:
$$ \sin (2 \cdot 2\theta) = 2\sin 2\theta \cos 2\theta $$
$$ \sin (4\theta) = 2\sin 2\theta \cos 2\theta $$
We know that $\sin 2\theta = 2\sin\theta\cos\theta$, so:
$$ \sin (4\theta) = 4\sin \theta \cos \theta \cos 2\theta $$
Still, we must get rid of that pesky $\cos 2\theta$. You should know the other double angle sum formula for $\cos$:
$$\cos 2\theta = \cos^2 \theta - \sin^2 \theta$$
So:
$$ \sin (4\theta) = 4\sin \theta \cos \theta \left( \cos^2 \theta - \sin^2 \theta \right)$$
$$ \sin (4\theta) = 4\sin \theta \cos^3 \theta - 4\sin^3 \theta \cos \theta$$
Best Answer
Steps To Carry Out
1) First take a look at this link which is a guide for DeMoivre's formula.
2) Using step 1 show that
$$\sin (7x) = 64\sin \left( x \right)\cos {\left( x \right)^6} - 80\sin \left( x \right)\cos {\left( x \right)^4} + 24\sin \left( x \right)\cos {\left( x \right)^2} - \sin \left( x \right)$$
3) Replace $\cos^2(x)=1-\sin^2(x)$ and obtain
$$\sin (7x) = 7\sin \left( x \right) - 56\sin {\left( x \right)^3} + 112\sin {\left( x \right)^5} - 64\sin {\left( x \right)^7}$$
4) Divide by $\sin(x)$
$${{\sin (7x)} \over {\sin (x)}} = 7 - 56\sin {\left( x \right)^2} + 112\sin {\left( x \right)^4} - 64\sin {\left( x \right)^6}$$