[Math] Exercise 46, Chapter 1 from Real Analysis, Carothers

calculuscontinuityrational numbersreal numbersreal-analysis

I have this homework exercise and I need some quidelines in order to solve it.

Let $f : \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ be continuous.

(a) If $f(0) > 0$, show that $f(x) > 0$ for all $x$ in some open interval $(-a , a )$.

(b) If $f(x ) \geq 0$ for every rational $x$, show that $f(x ) \geq 0$ for all real $x$ . Will this result hold with $\geq 0$ replaced by $>0$? Explain.

Best Answer

  1. Suppose not then for every $\epsilon_n=1/n \exists x_n\in (-1/n,1/n)$ with $f(x_n)=0$. We have $x_n\rightarrow0$ and since f is continuous $f(0)=lim_{n\rightarrow \infty } f(x_n)=0$ thus a contradiction
  2. For $f:R\rightarrow R$ given by $f(x)=(x-\sqrt 2)^2,$ $f(r)>0 \forall r\in Q$ but $f(\sqrt2)=0$. However for a function satisfying the condition we have given $x\in R$ $\exists$ a sequence $r_n$ of rationals such that $r_n\rightarrow x$. Then we have $f(r_n)>0 \forall n$ thus $f(x)=lim_{n\rightarrow \infty } f(r_n)≥0$