Put the two given equations together in a system, set $x=0$ (say) and solve for $y,z$ to get an actual point on the intersection line. Accompanied by its direction vector and the outlying point $P$, we can determine three points from the desired plane and subsequently determine an equation for it.
Dostre's edit (see comments)
$x=0:\begin{cases} y-2z-3=0 \\ -y+z-2=0 \end{cases}$ ;$\;\;\;\;$ add them up and you get:
$\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\begin{cases} -z-5,\;\;z=-5\\ -y+z-2=0,\;y=-7 \end{cases}\Rightarrow$Point $ (0,-7,-5)$, call it Q, is on the line of intersection.
So now we have two points $P(-1,4,2)$ and $Q(0,-7,-5)$ on our desired plane and vector w thats is parallel to the desired plane. In order to find the equation of the desired plane we need a vector that is normal to it.We can find that normal vector by taking cross product of two vectors that are parallel to the desired plane. We already have w so the other vector will be
*PQ*$<0-(-1),-7-4,-5-2>=<1,-11,-7>$
Now normal vector to desired plane will be the cross product of w and PQ:
PQ x w=$\begin{vmatrix} i & j & k \\ 1 & -11 & -7 \\ 1 & 10 & 6 \end{vmatrix}=i\begin{vmatrix} -11 & -7 \\ 10 & 6 \end{vmatrix}-j\begin{vmatrix} 1 & -7 \\ 1 & 6 \end{vmatrix}+k\begin{vmatrix} 1 & -11\\ 1 & 10 \end{vmatrix}=4i-13j+21k$
$4i-13j+21k=<4,-13,21>$ is the vector normal to the desired plane.
Another condition "for a line to intersect another line, in 3D" is that there is a point that is on both lines. That sounds simplistic but that really is the condition.
Here is one way to solve your problem. The line that you want is in a plane that is parallel to the plane $3x-y+2z-15=0$. Any such plane has the equation
$$3x-y+2z+D=0$$
for some constant $D$. That plane must also go through the point $M(1,0,7)$, so we can substitute to find the value of $D$:
$$3\cdot 1-0+2\cdot 7+D=0$$
So $D=-17$ and the plane is $3x-y+3z-17=0$.
Combining that with your equations $\frac{x-1}{4}=\frac{y-3}{2}=\frac{z}{1}$ you can find the single point that is the intersection of that plane and your given line. The line you want goes through those two points.
You should be able to finish from here.
There are multiple ways to find the intersection of the plane and of the given line. You showed one way, by giving a parameterization of the line and solving for the parameter. You did make a computation error: the equation you get is
$$3(4t+1)-(2t+3)+2(t)-17=0$$
and the solution is
$$t=\frac{17}{12}$$
which makes $x=\frac{20}3,\ y=\frac{35}6,\ z=\frac{17}{12}$. Substituting this solution into all the equations checks, so this is the right answer. Thus the intersection point is
$$Q\left(\frac{20}3,\ \frac{35}6,\ \frac{17}{12}\right)$$
I got the intersection point by different means, by setting up and solving these simultaneous linear equations:
$$\begin{align}
\color{white}{1}x \color{white}{+0y}-4z&=1 \\
y-2z&=3 \\
3x-y+2z&=17
\end{align}$$
I got the same intersection point.
Best Answer
The directions of D1 and D2 are $(2,1,1)$ and $(-1,1,3)$. Now the normal to the plane must be perpendicular to both these directions. So if we take the cross product of these two directions we have the normal.
$$\begin{vmatrix} \mathbf{i}&\mathbf{j}& \mathbf{k}\\ 2&1&1\\ -1&1&3\\ \end{vmatrix}=2\mathbf{i}-7\mathbf{j}+3 \mathbf{k}\\$$
so the equation of the plane is $$2x-7y+3z=a$$ and to find $a$ we use one point, say $(1,0,0)$ to get $$2x-7y+3z=2$$ it can be checked that this does indeed pass through D1 and is parallel to D2.