[Math] Differentiate an Inverse Function, Two Methods

calculusderivativesfunctionsinversetrigonometry

I would like to take the derivative of this inverse function at $\pi$: $f(x) = 2x + \cos{x}$, given that ${f}^{-1}(\pi) = \frac{\pi}{2}$.

I know that there are two methods of doing it. Let me demonstrate the method that I have down pat, using the fact that $\frac{d}{dx}\left[{f}^{-1}(x)\right] = \frac{1}{{f}^{\prime}\left({f}^{-1}(x)\right)}$.


Method 1:

  1. $f(x) = 2x + \cos{x}$
  2. ${f}^{\prime}(x) = 2 – \sin{x}$
  3. Given: ${f}^{-1}(\pi) = \frac{\pi}{2}$
  4. $\frac{d}{dx}\left[{f}^{-1}(\pi)\right] = \frac{1}{{f}^{\prime}\left({f}^{-1}(\pi)\right)}$
  5. $\frac{d}{dx}\left[{f}^{-1}(\pi)\right] = \frac{1}{2 – \sin{\left({f}^{-1}(\pi)\right)}}$
  6. $\frac{d}{dx}\left[{f}^{-1}(\pi)\right] = \frac{1}{2 – \sin{\left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right)}}$
  7. $\frac{d}{dx}\left[{f}^{-1}(\pi)\right] = \frac{1}{2 – 1}$
  8. $\frac{d}{dx}\left[{f}^{-1}(\pi)\right] = 1$

This method make sense. It is this next method that I am a little sketchy on. For the most part it utilizes some algebra for inverse functions…


Method 2:

  1. $f(x) = 2x + \cos{x}$
  2. $y = 2x + \cos{x}$
  3. $x = 2y + \cos{y}$

The next few steps involve finding the inverse function (can it be done with a function like this?), taking the derivative of that, and plugging in $\pi$ for the answer…

My problem is that I am stuck after this point:

  • Am I going about this process correctly?
  • Can I find the inverse function of this crazy looking function? It is one-to-one, as shown in the graph below.

enter image description here

Thank you for your time.

Best Answer

It is known that an inverse function $exists$ for any one-to-one function, but in many cases it cannot be expressed in terms of elementary functions. So, your first calculation may be the best you can do without using more machinery.

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