[Math] determining the common difference of an arithmetic sequence and common ratio of a geometric sequence with related terms

sequences-and-series

Coming from a finance guy, I understand how AP and GP work. However, I came upon a problem that combines the two and was stuck. Here it goes.

Given first term of AP and GP$=4$, and common ratio of GP is $8$ less than common difference of AP. The ratio of $3$rd term of AP to $3$rd term of GP is $7:16$. What is the common difference and common ratio?

I tried it this far:

given common ratio$=r$

difference$=d$

so $r=d-8$

for the AP; 3rd term$=4+2d$

and GP$=4(d-8)(d-8)$

so $(4+2d) : 4(d-8)(d-8) =7:16$

and I got this far..

some headway please..

Best Answer

Here, assume that the AP is :

$$a, a+d, a+2d, ...$$

and, the GP is :

$$ a, ar, ar^2 ,...$$

Then from the given data -

$a = 4$, $ r = d - 8$ ( or $d = r + 8$) and $\frac {a + 2d}{2r^2} = \frac{7}{16}$.

The third equation above simplifies as,

$\frac{4+2d}{4r^2} = \frac{2+d}{2r^2} = {7\over 16}$

$\implies \frac{r+10}{2r^2} = frac{7}{16}$ ( by the second equation)

$\implies 7r^2 - 4r - 40 = 0$

or, $r = \frac{4 \pm \sqrt{16 + 4.7.40}}{2.7} = \frac{4\pm \sqrt{1136}}{14}$ (using the quadratic formula)

Thus, $r = 2.693$ or $-2.121$ (approximately)

Using the second equation above, $d = 10.693$. or $5.8782$ (approx.)