Real Analysis – Convergence in Measure vs. Almost Everywhere

convergence-divergencemeasure-theoryreal-analysis

In a finite measure space, let $\{f_{n}\}$ be a sequence of measurable functions. Show that $f_{n} \rightarrow f$ in measure if and only if every subsequence $\{f_{n_{k}}\}$ contains a subsequence $\{f_{n_{k_{j}}}\}$, that converges almost everywhere to f.

I can prove from converge in measure to converge almost everywhere, but I don't know how to write it down for the other direction.

Best Answer

Assume $\{f_n\}$ converges pointwise a.e. to $f$. Fix $\varepsilon > 0$ and define: $$ E_N = \{x \in X \mid \exists n > N : |f_n(x) - f(x)| > \varepsilon\} $$

We have $E_1 \supset E_2 \supset \cdots$ and $\mu(E_1) \le \mu(X) < \infty$. Furthermore, since $\{f_n\}$ converges pointwise a.e. to $f$, we have $\mu\left(\bigcap_{N \in \mathbb{N}} E_N\right) = 0$.

Hence, $\lim_{N \to \infty} \mu(E_N) = 0$ and we can find an $N$ for which $\mu(E_N) < \varepsilon$.

It's clear that: $$ \forall n > N : \{x \in X \mid |f_n(x) - f(x)| > \varepsilon\} \subset E_N $$

Hence, $\{f_n\}$ converges to $f$ in measure.

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