[Math] Complex Integral over a rectangular contour

cauchy-integral-formulacomplex-analysiscontour-integration

Let C be a rectangle with corners $\pm 2\pm 3i$ in the anticlockwise direction. Find $$\int_c\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{z-1}dz$$

I tried:

Split the contour in to 4 parts: $C_1,C_2,C_3,C_4$.

Let's say $C_1$ is the the bottom side of the rectangle. So,

$C_1: f(t) =t-3i, -2\le t\le 2$

Then I find $$\int_{-2}^{2}\frac{1}{t-3i}+\frac{1}{t-3i-1}dt$$

Similarly, I would find the integrals over $C_2, C_3$ and $C_4$. Then, the final answer is the sum of $C_1,C_2,C_3,C_4$.

Is this correct?

Best Answer

From the comments, it appears that the OP is receptive to seeing how Cauchy's Integral Formula can be used to evaluate the integral of interest.

Let $C$ be a closed rectifiable contour with winding number $1$ about a point $z_0\in \mathbb{C}$. Cauchy's Integral Formula states that if $f$ is analytic on the open region enclosed by $C$ and continuous on $C, then

$$f(z_0)=\frac{1}{2\pi i}\oint_C \frac{f(z)}{z-z_0}\,dz \tag 1$$


In $(1)$, set $f(z)=1$, $z_0=0$ and $C$ to be the rectangle defined in the OP. Then from $(1)$ we have

$$1=\frac{1}{2\pi i}\oint_C \frac{1}{z}\,dz$$

whereupon solving for $\oint_C \frac{1}{z}\,dz$ reveals

$$\oint_C \frac{1}{z}\,dz=2\pi i \tag 2$$


Similarly, set $f(z)=1$ and $z_0=1$. Then from $(1)$ we have

$$1=\frac{1}{2\pi i}\oint_C \frac{1}{z-1}\,dz$$

whereupon solving for $\oint_C \frac{1}{z}\,dz$ reveals

$$\oint_C \frac{1}{z-1}\,dz=2\pi i \tag3$$


Putting together $(2)$ and $(3)$ yields

$$\oint_C \left(\frac1z+\frac1{z-1}\right)\,dz=4\pi i$$

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