[Math] Classifying all groups of order 10

abstract-algebragroup-theorygroups-enumeration

I am trying to classify all groups of order 10 upto isomorphism.
Suppose $G$=10. Using Sylow's theorem, if $n_p$ is the number of the p-Sylow groups (p prime), then $n_2|5$, so it is 1 or 5. Similarly,$n_5$ is 1 or 2. But $n_5\equiv 1 \bmod $, so $n_5$ can only be 1.

Case I: $n_2$ is 1

Then given $d\in \mathbb{Z}$, the group has at most 1 subgroup of order $d$, so $G$ is cyclic. So, $G\cong \mathbb{Z_{10}}$ .

Case II: $n_2$ is 5

This is where I am stuck. We have 5 subgroups of order 2 and one subgroup of order 5 (call it H). Since $|H|$ is prime, I infer $H$ is a cyclic group of the form $\{1,r,\dots,r^4\}$. Also, $H$ is a unique subgroup of prime order in G, so $H\unlhd G$. But I don't have an idea how to proceed after this. Thanks.

Best Answer

Edit: There is a big leap of logic in this answer of mine - the assumption that all elements of order $5$ are a power of $b.$ This is true, but definitely requires proof. I'd honestly delete this answer if I could, but it's status as selected answer makes that impossible.


Consider it this way. Let $a$ be an element of order $2$ and $b$ an element of order $5$. Show that $a^ib^j$ is all the elements of the group, with $i=0,1$ and $j=0,1,2,3,4$. Then $aba^{-1}$ is of order $5$, so it is equal to $b^j$ for some $j$. But then $b=ab^{j}a^{-1}=(aba^{-1})^j=b^{j^2}$. So $j^2\equiv 1\pmod 5$. What are possible values for $j$?