Geometry – Circle Inscribed in a Semicircle

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There is black semicircle, which radius is $ R $. The red circle is tangentially inward to the semicircle and to the diameter in its center. The yellow one is tangent externally to the red circle, internally to the semicircle and tangent to the diameter of the semicircle.

My question is :

What is the relationship between $R$ and the radius $r$ of yellow one?

My attempts :

I tried to use similarity of triangles, but always I had the third unknown number and two equations. I am sure that the radius of the red one is $ 0.5R$

Best Answer

Let the radius of the "black" semicircle be $[CK]=2R$. Thus, the radius of the "red" circumference will be $[DC]=R$. In virtue of the Pythagorean Theorem in the triangles $\triangle DGE$ and $\triangle ECF$ respectively

\begin{align*} GE^2=CF^2&=DE^2-DG^2=(R+r)^2-(R-r)^2=4Rr\\ &=CE^2-EF^2=(2R-r)^2-r^2=4R^2-4Rr\end{align*} Hence

$$4Rr=4R^2-4Rr\iff \color{blue}{2r=R}$$

The radius of the yellow circumference is, consequently, one-fourth of the radius of the black circle.