I'm having a hard time showing this:
If $K$ is an extension of $\mathbb{Q}$ with degree $m$ and $f(x)$ an irreducible polynomial over the rationals with degree $n$, such that $\gcd(m, n)=1$, then $f(x)$ is irreducible over $K$.
I have tried it by writing $f(x)=a(x)b(x)$ and then looking at the coefficients of those polynomials (some of them must belong to $K-\mathbb{Q}$ which could possibly result in a contradiction) to no success. I have no idea where to use the hypothesis of m and n being relatively prime.
Any help would be appreciated.
Best Answer
Let $u$ be a root of $f(x)$. Then $[\mathbb{Q}(u):\mathbb{Q}] = n$. Now consider $K(u)$. We know that $[K(u):K]\leq n$, since the monic irreducible of $u$ over $K$ divides $f$. Since $$[K(u):\mathbb{Q}] = [K(u):K][K:\mathbb{Q}] = m[K(u):K]\leq mn$$ and $$[K(u):\mathbb{Q}] = [K(u):\mathbb{Q}(u)][\mathbb{Q}(u):\mathbb{Q}] = n[K(u):\mathbb{Q}(u)]$$ then $[K(u):\mathbb{Q}]$ is at most $nm$, is a multiple of $n$, and is a multiple of $m$. Since $\gcd(n,m)=1$, it follows that $[K(u):\mathbb{Q}]=nm$, so the degree $[K(u):K]$ is equal to $n$.
What does that imply about the monic irreducible of $u$ over $K$ and about $f$?