Main purpose: For self-learning performance, neither for exam nor degree courses.
Calculus textbook using now[1]: Calculus I, Weinstein&Marsden, UTM, Springer
Question Description: I've been reading book[1] for weeks, 90% of text, 30%-40% of exercises solved. It's not bad, but for the following:
Advantages: (a)Suitably explained for concepts (b)Clear Structure
Disadvantages: (a)Not contain enough theorems (b)Too many exercises in formula-calculation/real application (c)Too little deep/proof exercises (d) Approximately 8000 exercises in total, 300-400/chapter, but 80% is simple-formula-calculation/realistic application.
My Opinion: Will it be more beneficial to start using analysis textbooks now instead of this calculus book ? For 3 reasons:
(1). Most good EU bachelor in maths, they use analysis directly in first semester instead of calculus. (e.g. Bonn University/ETHz)
(2). Since book[1] contains too many exercises of formula-using/real application ones but not deep/proof, if I continue to work with it (solve all exercises/ second time reading), book[1] will still cost several months, I doubt if it's beneficial compared with directly starting analysis.
(3). Will Analysis textbooks(e.g. book[4][5]) also contain needed calculus?(intuition/calculation skills) If it's the case, such analysis books would do both to train modern theory and calculation skills( compute derivatives/integrals which are useful later such as ODE,PDE), then there'd be no need to read calculus any more.
Future Goal: Research in Dynamic System theoretically oriented.
Note: Though [1] is UTM, but it seems engineering-oriented(not theoretical/rigorous-oriented) compared with others within series.
[2]Rose, Elementary Analysis, UTM, Springer.
[3]Serge Lang, A First Course in Calculus/Calculus of Several Variables, UTM, Springer(Even though it's still calculus, but Lang's book is more abstract-oriented)
[4]Zorich, Analysis, Universitext, Springer(As @nbubis said, analysis needs intuition behind, from the content, it seems Zorich's analysis contains many physical problems, will it works for that ?)
[5]Courant, Introduction to Calculus and Analysis I&II, Springer
Desirable answer: Advices, Discussions
Best Answer
At my undergraduate institution (Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, Mexico), for a while in the mid-to-late 70s, several professors in the Calculus sequence (four courses: Differential single-variable (Calc I), Integral single-variable (Calc II), Differential multi-variable (Calc III), Integral multi-variable (Calc IV)) decided to use Hasse's analysis textbook instead of a calculus textbook. It was more of a "baby analysis" than a calculus course.
Now, this was done only in courses that were being taught to Math, Actuarial Sciences, and Physics majors (and a Math major takes nothing but math courses, for instance).
It did not go well. Students didn't learn analysis very well, and they certainly did not learn the calculus skills they needed very well. The Physics department, in particular, went up in arms because the Physics majors were coming out of these courses unable to actually compute integrals and derivatives, or use them to solve specific physics problems. Same problem with the actuarial scientists. The math majors fared a little better, but mainly because the same people who were doing this were the people who were also teaching the analysis courses in the junior and senior years; but those that went on to take analysis from other people didn't do so well. In addition, the failure rate for these courses was extremely high. (Failure rate in the Calculus sequence has always been way too high there, but it got much worse).
Most professors switched back to calculus books and to not do baby analysis. By the mid-80s, almost nobody was using Hasse's book or teaching "mini-analysis."
If a student has had a good enough calculus course in High School, then it is likely that a baby analysis course might indeed be beneficial, building on the bases that calculus can help set. This could very well be the case in the EU; it's not the case in the US. (In Mexico, nominally, students in the Math/Physics/Engineering track were taking a year of Calculus as seniors in High School, but obviously not good enough).