Let $K/F$ be a finite extension of finite fields and suppose $K=F[\alpha]$. If $\alpha^{15}=1$ then show that $\mid K:F \mid \leq 4$.
Let $F=\mathbb F_q$, where $q$ is power of some prime $p$, say, and let $\mid K:F\mid=d$, so that $K=\mathbb F_{q^d}$. If $\min_{\alpha,F}(x)=f(x)$, then we have $\deg(f)=d$ and $f(x)\mid(x^{15}-1)$, hence $f(x)\mid (x^{16}-x)$. I wanted to use the fact that $g(x)$ monic irreducible in $\mathbb F_q[x]$. Then $g(x)\mid (x^{q^{n}}-x) \iff \deg(g)\mid n$. But how do I show that characteristic of the field $F$ is $2$. I need help. Thanks.
Best Answer
Claim:$\;$If $K$ is a field with an element $\alpha$ and a subfield $F$ such that
then $[K:F]\le 4$.
Proof:
For the subfield $F(\alpha^3,\alpha^5)$ of $K$, we have
\begin{align*} & \frac{\alpha^5}{\alpha^3}\in F(\alpha^3,\alpha^5) \\[4pt] \implies\;& \alpha^2\in F(\alpha^3,\alpha^5) \\[4pt] \implies\;& \frac{\alpha^3}{\alpha^2}\in F(\alpha^3,\alpha^5) \\[4pt] \implies\;& \alpha\in F(\alpha^3,\alpha^5) \\[4pt] \end{align*} hence $F(\alpha^3,\alpha^5)=F(\alpha)=K$.
Next consider $4$ cases . . .
Case $(1)$:$\;\alpha^3,\alpha^5\in F$.
Then $K=F$, hence $[K:F]=1$.
Case $(2)$:$\;\alpha^3\in F,\alpha^5\not\in F$. \begin{align*} \text{Then}\;\;& \alpha^{15}-1=0 \\[4pt] \implies\;& (\alpha^5-1)(\alpha^{10}+\alpha^5+1)=0 \\[4pt] \implies\;& \alpha^{10}+\alpha^5+1=0 \\[4pt] \end{align*} so $\alpha^5$ is a root of $x^2+x+1$, hence $[K:F]=[F(\alpha^5):F]\le 2$.
Case $(3)$:$\;\alpha^5\in F,\alpha^3\not\in F$. \begin{align*} \text{Then}\;\;& \alpha^{15}-1=0 \\[4pt] \implies\;& (\alpha^3-1)(\alpha^{12}+\alpha^9+\alpha^6+\alpha^3+1)=0 \\[4pt] \implies\;& \alpha^{12}+\alpha^9+\alpha^6+\alpha^3+1=0 \\[4pt] \end{align*} so $\alpha^3$ is a root of $x^4+x^3+x^2+1$, hence $[K:F]=[F(\alpha^3):F]\le 4$.
Case $(4)$:$\;\alpha^3,\alpha^5\not\in F$.
Then the order, $o(\alpha)$, of $\alpha$ in $K^*$ is $15$.
Hence $1,\alpha,\alpha^2,\alpha^3,...\alpha^{14}$ are all distinct.
As was shown in case $(2)$, $\alpha^5$ is a root of $x^2+x+1$, hence $[F(\alpha^5):F]\le 2$.
As was shown in case $(3)$, $\alpha^3$ is a root of $x^4+x^3+x^2+x+1$.
Moreover, $\alpha^6,\alpha^9,\alpha^{12}$ are also roots of $x^4+x^3+x^2+x+1$.
Since $\alpha^3\not\in F$, it follows that
Thus $\alpha^3,\alpha^6,\alpha^9,\alpha^{12}$ are distinct roots of $x^4+x^3+x^2+x+1$, and none of them are in $F$.
It follows that $x^4+x^3+x^2+x+1$ is either irreducible in $F[x]$, or else factors in $F[x]$ as a product of two irreducible quadratics.
Hence $[F(\alpha^3):F]$ equals $2$ or $4$.
Either way, since $[F(\alpha^5):F]\le 2$, it follows that $F(\alpha^5)\subseteq F(\alpha^3)$.
The above line is the only place where we use the hypothesis that $F$ is a finite field.
Hence $K=F(\alpha^3,\alpha^5)=F(\alpha^3)$, so $[K:F]=[F(\alpha^3):F]\le 4$.
Thus in all $4$ cases, we have $[K:F]\le 4$, as was to be shown.
Note:
With some minor adjustments to the above argument (a future edit), we can obtain the slightly stronger result: $[K:F]\in\{1,2,4\}$.