I know that is the sequence of partial sums of a series is convergent, then the series is convergent. But let's say that the sequence of partial sums converges to the value $2$. Does that mean the sum of the series is $2$?
That doesn't make much sense to me because: as an example consider the series whose partial sums are given by the formula $s_n = 2 – 3(0.8)^n$. The limit as $n$ goes to infinity of that function is $2$. But wouldn't the sum of the series be much higher? Since: $s_1 + s_2 + s_3 + … = 2-3(0.8) + 2-3(0.64)+2-3(0.512)+…$
Two is added with each new partial sum, so how can the sum of the series be two?
Sorry if this is a stupid question, I'm likely misunderstanding something fundamental about series. Any help is appreciated.
Best Answer
A series converges by definition if the sequence of partial sums converges, and if that happens then the sum of the series is defined to be the limit of the sequence of partial sums.
I'll try to explain what is wrong with your example. You need to start from a sequence $(a_n)$ and define a corresponding sequence of partial sums $(S_n)$ by $S_n=\sum_{k=1}^n a_k$. Then $\sum_{k=1}^\infty a_k=\lim_{n\to\infty}\sum_{k=1}^n a_k=\lim_{n\to\infty} S_n$, if the limit exists.
Now in your example you already defined a sequence of partial sums $(s_n)$ and then started to look at its partial sums $s_1+...+s_n$. So you took partial sums of partial sums.